Glossary
A B C
D E F
G H I
J K L M N
O P Q R S
T U V W
X Y Z
A
AGE ADJUSTED
RATE-A rate
that is statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age
distributions in the different populations. In other words, the rate
accounts for the possibility that there may be many people in one age
group and few people in another age group. A crude rate does not make
this adjustment.
AGE GROUP-Age the
patient was at the time of the event. Some data topics allow you
to view the data by age categories, here are the following categories by
data topic area:
-
Asthma-0-4, 5-14, 15-34, 35-64, 65+, All, Total
-
Heart Attacks-0-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74,
75-84, 85+
-
Lead-Children are grouped according to their age at
time of testing. 0-<1, 1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<6 NPT, 3-<6 PT;
NPT = Not Previously Tested, PT = Previously Tested
AGE SPECIFIC RATE-A rate
limited to a particular age group. The numerator is the number of cases
or events in that age group; the denominator is the total number of
persons in that age group in the population of interest.
AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA
NATIVE (RACE)-Any of the original peoples of North and South America
(including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or
community attachment.
ASIAN (RACE)-Any of the original
peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent
including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia,
Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
ASTHMA-A disease that affects the
airways that carry oxygen in and out of the lungs. For people with
asthma, the inside of the airways can become irritated and inflamed, and
result in wheezing and coughing.
AT-RISK GROUP-A group with
certain characteristics that make it more likely to be exposed to a
specific contaminant and or develop a specific disease.
AVERAGE DAILY
ADMISSION - The average number of people with a specified health issue
(e.g., asthma episode or heart attack), visiting an emergency department
or admitted to a hospital, each day of a given month or year.
B
BIAS-Any trend in the collection,
analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead
to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth.
BIRTH COUNT-Number of live
births for a specified period of time and geographic area.
BIRTH RATE-Number of live
births per 1,000 county population. See fertility
rate.
BIRTHWEIGHT-An infant's weight
at or shortly after birth.
BLACK (RACE)-A person having origins
in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
C
CARBON MONOXIDE -
Carbon monoxide, abbreviated CO, is a colorless, odorless gas that is
formed when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. It is a component
of motor vehicle exhaust, which contributes about 56 percent of all CO
emissions nationwide. Other non-road engines and vehicles (such as
construction equipment and boats) contribute about 22 percent of all CO
emissions nationwide.
CARCINOGEN-A substance or agent
that may cause or increase the risk of cancer.
CARCINOGENIC
EMISSIONS-Chemicals known to cause or increase the risk of cancer that
are released into the air from industrial sources or mobile sources,
such as vehicles and equipment.
CENSUS-The count of an entire
population, usually with details being recorded on residence, age, sex,
occupation, ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and
relationship to head of household.
CENTERS
FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)-The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting
public health activities in the United States.
CHELATION THERAPY-The
administration of compounds that can be used to remove heavy metals,
such as lead, from the body.
CHILDBEARING AGE-Women
aged 15-44 years. See also reproductive age.
CLASS-A description of a group where
the group members share similar properties, common behaviors, common
relationships, or common semantics.
COMMUNITY WATER
SYSTEM-A public water system which serves at least 15 service
connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25
year-round residents.
COMPOUND - A word used to label
the group of chemical contaminants in the environment. Individual
contaminants (compounds) are identified by their specific names.
CONCENTRATION-A measure for
the amount of something that is mixed with another material. For
example, the amount of ozone that is mixed with other compounds in the
air is an example of ozone concentration.
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL-A
range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so
that this range has a specified probability of including the true value
of the variable. The specified probability is called the confidence
level, and the end points of the confidence interval are called the
confidence limits.
CONTAMINANT- 1) "A
substance that is either present in an environment where it does not
belong or is present at levels that might cause harmful effects to
humans or the environment." (source - http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/contaminant.htm)
2) Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or
matter that has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.
CONTAMINANT LEVEL-A
measure of how much of a substance is present in the environment.
CONTAMINATION-The
introduction of harmful or hazardous matter into the environment.
COUNTY POPULATION-
Census estimate of the number of people living in a particular
County.
CRUDE RATE-The number of cases
or events divided the total number of people in the population of
interest. This is often expressed as a number per unit population such
as "per 10,000" or "per 100,000."
D
DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP-A
subpopulation of persons defined by the characteristics they share.
Common demographic groups include age, race, ethnicity, and gender which
are defined at birth, but other groups are defined by medical,
behavioral, and environmental risk factors such as diabetics, smokers,
or persons who live in high crime areas.
DEMOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION-The "person'' characteristics used to describe a group
of people. Examples include age, sex, race, and income level.
E
EARLY NEONATAL-The early
neonatal period begins at birth and ends at seven completed days after
birth.
EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT VISITS-Counts of people that have been admitted to emergency
rooms. Data are reported for a total of 123 hospitals in Wisconsin. No
data are reported by Veterans Administration hospitals and thus are not
included in the data presented. The data are only for Wisconsin
residents admitted to emergency rooms in Wisconsin. Wisconsin residents
that are admitted to emergency rooms in other states are not included.
Also, non-Wisconsin residents admitted to emergency rooms in Wisconsin
are not included in the dataset used here.
ENVIRONMENT-1) The complex
interaction of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate, soil,
and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community
and ultimately determine its form and survival. 2) The aggregate of
social and cultural conditions that influence the life of an individual
or community.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PUBLIC HEALTH INDICATORS-Summary measures that describe hazards in the
physical and natural environment, population exposure to these hazards,
the impact that these hazards have on population health, and the actions
that are taken to prevent and intervene to reduce public health risk
from these exposures.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PUBLIC HEALTH TRACKING-Environmental public health tracking is the
ongoing collection, integration, analysis, and interpretation of data
about: 1) environmental hazards, 2) exposure to environmental hazards,
and 3) health effects potentially related to exposure to environmental
hazards.
EPIDEMIOLOGY-The study of
causes of disease or toxic effects in groups of humans.
ETHNICITY-The concept of an
ethnic group forms the connection between culture and society. The term
designates the social group which sets itself apart from other groups on
account of specific cultural traits, such as food and clothing, but also
in fundamental options, such as a system of values and political
beliefs.
EVALUATION-A process to
determine progress towards a goal.
EVENT TYPE-Event can
be either emergency department
visits or inpatient
hospitalizations.
EXPOSURE-Contact with a substance
by breathing it, eating it, or having it absorb through the skin. Acute
exposures last a short period of time. Chronic exposures last a long
period of time.
F
FERTILITY-The ability to
conceive, to become pregnant, and to give birth to a live child.
FERTILITY RATE-Number of
births per 1,000 women of childbearing or reproductive age. See birth
rate and childbearing age.
FETAL DEATH-A fetal death or
still birth is " a fetus, which after complete expulsion or
extraction from the woman, does not breath or show evidence of life such
as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite
movement of the voluntary muscles." By Wisconsin statute, a
stillbirth of at least 20 weeks gestation or 350 grams must be reported.
(Note: A fetal death report is not used for induced terminations of
pregnancy (induced abortions)). Some stillbirths are not reported in
Wisconsin because they occurred before 20 weeks gestation, some occurred
outside Wisconsin, and an unknown number that were not reported.
G
GENDER-A female,
male, total or all.
GEOCODE-The process of identifying
the coordinates of a location in space. This process is used so data and
information can be shown on a map. Typically data begin as addresses and
are converted to coordinates using the geocoding process.
GESTATION-The period between
conception and birth which is usually about 280 days.
GROUNDWATER-Water found
beneath the Earth's surface that fills pores between materials, such as
sand, soil, or gravel.
GROUNDWATER
POPULATION-Estimate of the total number of people served by public water
systems that use deep wells to extract water from underground. For water
systems that use both surface and groundwater sources, the population is
allocated according to the proportion of ground water source.
GROUND WATER
POPULATION PERCENT-Estimate of the percent of people served by public
water systems that use deep wells to extract water from underground. For
water systems that use both surface and groundwater sources, the
population is allocated according to the proportion of ground water
source.
H
HAZARD-A generic term for any
situation or state of events which poses a threat to the surrounding
environment.
HEALTH-A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
HEALTH EFFECT-Anything that
leads to a positive or negative change in a person's physical or mental
abilities.
HEART ATTACK-A heart attack
is an acute health event in which one of more regions of the heart
muscle experience a severe or prolonged decrease in oxygen supply caused
by a blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is also
called a myocardial infarction (MI).
HIGH-RISK GROUP-A group of
people that are more likely than other groups to be exposed to a certain
chemical or develop a certain disease.
HISPANIC (ETHNICITY)-A person of
Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other
Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Also know as Latino.
HYPOSPADIAS-A condition that
is present at birth (congenital) in which the opening of the tube that
carries urine and, in males, semen from the body (the urethra) is
located below the normal location. This is caused by incomplete
development of the urethra in utero between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation.
http://www.urologychannel.com/pediatric/hypospadias.shtml
I
INCIDENCE RATE-1) The
number of new cases of a given disease that develop in a population over
a given period of time. The numerator (top number of a ratio) is the
number of new cases of a given disease occurring during a given time
period. The denominator (bottom number in a ratio) is the total
population at risk for the given disease.
INDICATOR-Numbers or data that
are used to describe and summarize a broader issue. For example,
temperature is used as one indicator of the weather.
INFANT-A child between the ages of
birth and 365 days or one year old.
INFANT GENDER-Male or Female
INFANT MORTALITY RATE-Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births during the
year.
INFERTILITY-The failure to
conceive after one year of regular sexual intercourse without the use of
contraception.
INPATIENT
HOSPITALIZATIONS-Counts of people that have been admitted to hospitals.
Data are reported for a total of 123 hospitals in Wisconsin. No data are
reported by Veterans Administration hospitals and thus are not included
in the data presented. The data are only for Wisconsin residents
admitted to hospitals in Wisconsin. Wisconsin residents that are
admitted to hospitals in other states are not included. Also,
non-Wisconsin residents admitted to hospitals in Wisconsin are not
included.
LATE FETAL DEATH-A dead
born child of at least 28 weeks gestation.
LATINO-Ethnic origin. A person of
Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other
Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Also know as
Hispanic.
LAYERS (for mapping)-A thematic set
of spatial data described and stored in a geographic database. Layers
organize a database or map library by subject matter (e.g., counties,
roads, and hospitals). Layers can be added or deleted from the visual
presentation of a map.
LEAD-A naturally occurring
bluish-gray metal found in small amounts in the earth's crust. Lead can
be found in all parts of our environment. Much of it comes from human
activities including burning fossil fuels, mining, and
manufacturing.
LEAD POISONING-The
Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program defines lead
poisoning in a child as a blood lead level of at least 10mcg/dL. For
adults, it is defined as a blood lead level of at least 25mcg/dL. The
results are measures in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood.
LEGEND-The reference area on a map
that lists and explains the colors, symbols, line patterns, shadings,
and annotation used on the map. The legend often includes the scale,
origin, orientation, and other map information.
LIFETIME
CANCER RISK (% of Population with elevated risk) - The measure indicates
the percent of people in the county that are exposed to levels of the
carcinogen sufficient to increase their risk of contracting cancer above
1 per million of equally exposed people who are exposed continuously (24
hours/day) to the specific concentration over 70 years (an assumed
lifetime). This risk is in addition to those cancer cases that would
normally occur in an unexposed population of one million people. Note,
this is different from an annual cancer risk which does not assume a
lifetime exposure.
LIVE BIRTH-The complete
expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of human
conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such
expulsion or extraction, breathes, or shows any other evidence of life,
such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or
definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical
cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Heartbeats are to be
distinguished from transient cardiac contractions; respirations are to
be distinguished from fleeting respiratory efforts or gasps."
LOW BIRTHWEIGHT-A
birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5 lbs 8 oz).
MAP-An abstract representation of the
physical features of a portion of the earth's surface graphically
displayed on a planar (2-dimentional) surface. Maps display signs,
symbols, and spatial relationships among the features. They typically
emphasize, generalize, and omit certain features from the display to
meet design objectives (e.g., railroad features might be included in a
transportation map but omitted from a highway map).
MATERNAL AGE-Age of
mother in 6 age groups: Under 20, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and 40+
MEDICAID-The Wisconsin Medicaid
program is a state/federal assistance program, administered by the
Wisconsin Department of Health Services, that provides medical insurance
to individuals who meet specific eligibility criteria.
MONTH-Includes every month of the
year, January through December.
MORBIDITY-Any departure,
subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological
well-being.
MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION-A myocardial infarction (MI) is also called a heart
attack. It is an acute health event in
which one of more regions of the heart muscle experience a severe or
prolonged decrease in oxygen supply caused by a blocked blood flow to
the heart muscle.
NEONATAL-The neonatal period
commences at birth and ends at 28 completed days after birth.
NITROGEN OXIDE -
Nitrogen oxides, abbreviated NOx, is the generic term for a group of
highly reactive gases, all of which contain nitrogen and oxygen in
varying amounts. Many of the nitrogen oxides are colorless and odorless.
However, one common pollutant, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) along with
particles in the air can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer over
many urban areas.
NUMERATOR-The upper portion of a
fraction.
PARTICULATE
MATTER - "Particulate matter" is also known as particle
pollution or PM. It is a mixture of extremely small particles and liquid
droplets in the air. The size of particles is directly linked to their
potential for causing health problems. Unless otherwise specified, the
measure of particulate matter refers to particles both greater than and
less than 10 micrometers in diameter. Particles that are 10 micrometers
in diameter or smaller (PM10) generally pass through the throat and nose
and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart
and lungs and cause serious health effects.
PARTICULATE
MATTER 10 - "Particulate matter" is also known as particle
pollution or PM. PM10 refers particularly to particles that are 10
micrometers in diameter or smaller (PM10). Particles of this size
generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once
inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause
serious health effects. See also Particulate Matter.
PERCENT
GROUND WATER POPULATION-Count of the total population estimated to be
served by a ground water source (such as a well that extracts water from
below the earth's surface) within a county divided by the total county
population from the 2000 Census multiplied by 100.
PERCENT LOW
BIRTHWEIGHT-Count of all live births < 2500 grams divided by total
birth count multiplied by 100.
PERCENT PREMATURE-Count
of all live births born before 37 weeks gestation divided by total birth
count and multiplied by 100.
PERCENT
SINGLETON LOW BIRTH WEIGHT-Count of all live births <2500 grams that
were born one at a time (not as twins, triplets etc.) divided by total
birth count of births that were born one at a time (not as twins,
triplets etc.) multiplied by 100.
PERCENT
SINGLETON PREMATURE-Count of all live births born before 37 weeks
gestation that were born one at a time (not as twins, triplets etc.)
divided by total birth count of births that were born one at a time (not
as twins, triplets etc.) and multiplied by 100.
PERCENT
SURFACE WATER POPULATION-Count of the total population estimated to be
served by a surface water source (such as a lake, river or stream)
within a county divided by the total county population from the 2000
Census multiplied by 100.
PERCENTILE-One approach for
grouping numbers. To create a percentile, the whole group of numbers is
divided into 100 smaller groups with an equal number of items in each
group. For example, if there are 100 numbers, each group has only 1
number in it. Another example is if there are 300 numbers, each group as
3 numbers in it. A particular percentile, for example the 5th
percentile, means 5% of the numbers are below it and the remaining 95%
of the numbers are above it.
PERINATAL PERIOD-
The perinatal period commences at 28 completed weeks of gestation and
ends seven completed days after birth.
POLLUTANT-A substance introduced
into the environment that negatively affects the health of humans.
POSTNEONATAL-The postneonatal
period commences at 8 days and ends 364 completed days after
birth.
POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs)-A group of chemicals created after the
burning or combustion of coal, oil, gas or garbage when the burning is
not complete. PAHs can be numerous individual chemicals that are
considered to be PAH when found in groups of two or more.
POPULATION-The total number of
people in a certain geographic area or in a specific group.
POPULATION SERVED-A
drinking water quality measure that estimates the total number of people
that get water from a public water supply within a particular county.
This number is a sum of all population served estimates from individual
public water supplies that have their system locations identified within
a particular county.
PERCENT
POISONING PREVALENCE-The number of children under six poisoned by lead
(blood lead level over 10mcg/dL) in a given period of time (Total
Children Poisoned) divided by the number of children under six tested
for lead poisoning during the same given period of time (Total Children
Tested).
PREMATURE-A baby is considered
to be premature if it is born before completing 37 weeks of gestation.
PRETERM BIRTH-Baby born less
than 37 completed weeks of gestation.
PREVALENCE-The number or
proportion of cases or events or conditions in a given population.
PREVALENCE RATE-A measure
of the total number of people (old and new cases) in a population who
have a health problem at a specified point in time (usually used for
chronic conditions like diabetes).
PREVENTION-Stopping negative
health effects before they occur.
PROBABILITY-Chance that a
given event will occur.
PUBLIC WATER USE
INDEX (%)-Population served by public water systems divided by county
population (Census 2000 estimate) multiplied by 100. This measure is
available only by county. It estimates the percentage of the county
population served by public water systems. Note, that some water systems
(for example, those in Milwaukee county) serve populations of
neighboring counties. This is therefore a very rough estimate.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM-A
system that provides piped water for human consumption to at least 15
service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals.
QUANTILES- The division of the
data into intervals or categories depending on the distribution of the
data. This can range from 3 to 1000 different categories for example
quintiles (5 categories).
QUINTILES-Dividing a given
dataset into five equal categories or groups based on the distribution.
Twenty percent of the values in the data fall into each category or
group.
RACE CATEGORY-Subpopulations
of people loosely based on biological and anthropological concepts, and
developed in response to needs for collecting standardized data to be
used by federal agencies for record keeping, collection and presentation
of data (e.g., federal surveys, the decennial census and monitoring
various civil rights laws).
RACE/ETHNICITY OF
MOTHER-Combination of race and ethnicity. Hispanics are in one category.
Non-Hispanics are categorized as White, Black, and Other.
RATE-An expression of the frequency
with which an event occurs in a defined population.
RATIO-The relationship in quantity,
amount, or size between two or more things.
RANDOM SAMPLE-A sample taken
from a larger group where everyone in the group has an equal chance of
being selected.
REACTIVE
ORGANIC GAS - Reactive Organic Gases are also referred to as Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOCs). They are precursors to the formation of ozone
(O3). High levels of ozone can be related to negative health effects in
humans.
RELATIVE
STANDARD ERROR (RSE) OF A RATE-The estimated standard deviation of a
rate based on its numerator and denominator together. RSE is commonly
calculated as part of the equation to determine the confidence interval
around a rate, however, it can be used alone as a measure of statistical
stability where event numbers are low and can fluctuate greatly.
REPRODUCTIVE AGE-Traditionally defined as 15 to 44 years of age. See also
childbearing age.
REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH-Refers to diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the
functioning of the male and female reproductive systems during all
stages of life, including adolescence, pregnancy, childbirth, and
fertility.
REPRODUCTIVE
OUTCOMES-Include disorders that occur as a result of poor reproductive
health including birth defects, developmental disorders, fetal growth
restriction, low birthweight, preterm birth, reduced
fertility/infertility, impotence, and menstrual disorders.
RISK-Likelihood or possibility of
injury, disease, or death. Risk is often presented as "1 in a
million." A risk level of 1 in a million indicates that one person
out of one million people will be injured, develop the specific disease
or die.
S
SINGLETON BIRTH-Pregnancy
resulting in the birth of one child (e.g., not twins or triplets).
SINGLETON LOW
BIRTH WEIGHT (percent) - Percent of births resulting in only one child
(e.g., not twins or triplets) with a birthweight of less than 2,500
grams (5 lbs 8 oz).
SINGLETON PREMATURE
(percent) - Percent of births born before completing 37 weeks of
gestation.
SULFUR DIOXIDE -
Sulfur dioxide, abbreviated SO2, belongs to the family of sulfur oxide
gases (SOx). SOx gases are formed when fuel containing sulfur, such as
coal and oil, is burned, and when gasoline is extracted from oil, or
metals are extracted from ore. SO2 dissolves in water vapor to form
acid, and interacts with other gases and particles in the air to form
sulfates and other products that can be related to health problems in
humans.
SINGLETON BIRTH
COUNT-Count of births resulting in only one child (e.g., not twins or
triplets).
SINGLETON BIRTH RATE-Count of births resulting in only one child (e.g., not twins or
triplets) per 1,000 county population.
SURFACE WATER-Bodies of
water that form and remain above ground, such as lakes, ponds, rivers,
streams, bays, and oceans.
SURFACE WATER
POPULATION-Estimate of the population served by public water systems
that have surface water sources such as lakes, rivers, and streams that
are not underground. For water systems that use both surface and ground
water sources, the population is allocated according to the proportion
of surface water source as designated by the public water system.
SURFACE WATER
POPULATION PERCENT-Estimate of the percent of the population served by
public water systems that have surface water sources such as lakes,
rivers, and streams that are not underground. For water systems that use
both surface and ground water sources, the population is allocated
according to the proportion of surface water source as designated by the
public water system.
SURVEILLANCE-A dynamic
process in which data on the occurrence and distribution of health or
disease in a population are collected, collated, analyzed, and
disseminated.
TERM BIRTH-Birth at or later
than 37
completed weeks of gestation.
TEST YEAR-(LEAD)-Year in which
the blood test was done.
TOTAL BIRTH COUNT-
represents the total number of live births to Wisconsin Residents within
a particular time interval and/or geographic interval.
TOTAL
CHILDREN TESTED FOR LEAD POISONING-Number of children who had a
capillary or venous blood lead test. For the purposes of the data
presented here, only one test per child per year is used. Results from
the first test that is >= 10 mcg/dL is used if there is at least one test
>= 10 mcg/dL during the year. Otherwise the first test during the year is
used. If a capillary test was followed by a venous test within 3 months,
the venous test is used.
TOTAL
CHILDREN POISONED BY LEAD- The number of children under six poisoned by
lead, meaning having a blood lead level over 10mcg/dL.
WELL MONITORING-Measuring
well water quality using on-site instruments or laboratory
methods.
WHITE (RACE)-A person having origins
in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North
Africa.
WOMEN,
INFANTS, AND CHILDREN (WIC) PROGRAM-A program to promote and maintain
the health and well-being of nutritionally at-risk pregnant,
breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants, and children. WIC provides
supplemental nutritious foods, nutrition, and breastfeeding information,
and referral to other health and nutrition services.
Z
ZIP (zone improvement plan) CODES-A
5-digit code that identifies a specific geographic area for mail
delivery. ZIP Codes can represent an area within a state, an area that
crosses state boundaries (unusual condition), or a single building or
company that has very high mail volume.
REFERENCES
1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Reproductive Health: Glossary. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/EpiGlossary/glossary.htm
2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Interactive Atlas of Reproductive Health: Glossary. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/GISAtlas/glossary.htm
3) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health/index.cfm
4) US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Terms of
Environment: Glossary, Abbreviations, and Acronyms. http://www.epa.gov/OCEPAterms/aterms.html
5) US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Region 5
Superfund Glossary. http://www.epa.gov/R5Super/sfd_glossary.html
WI EPHT Home Page
Last Revised: February 10, 2009
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